Use two or three literary terms to analysis the story, which is Flight Essay

Utilize a few scholarly terms to examination the story, which is Flight Patterns by sherman alexie - Essay Example In spite of his adoration for his family, William is attracted to his business. There are times that he wants to remain with his family, however the weight and consideration for his business messes everything. The general public he serves hopes for something else from him; then again, his family needs his essence. Here and there his family, the spouse and girl comprehends his commitments to the business, however now and again feel the need of him being around them. In an event, when he is going to leave for business, his significant other urges his to remain and folds over his legs, however when he reveals to her that he isn't sufficiently able to do ‘this’, Marie, his better half answers â€Å"Willy Loman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pay regard for me† (Alexie 51). This depicts his family’s requirement for him and the contention that he faces in his 21st century American life. His Family cherishes him, and his general public has desires for him realizing the feeling of t wo clashes among man and man, man and family, and man and society. This is likewise a sign that William is a caring man conflicted between clashes. His discussion with Fekadu actuates a chain of activity that makes his forsake his baggage at the air terminal, not agonizing over the activities the air terminal specialists could take. At the point when he sees how Fekadu had to pick between his qualities and family, he take the move, relinquishes everything, finds a telephone and calls his better half just to disclose to her that he is there. This affirms the mindful character of William. Leaving his baggage out and about was representative. It implied that William was surrendering the social desires and limitations and the sacks out and about implied that he had put the contention among self and the general public making a course for goals at the expense of tackling the contention among him and his family. Deciding to surrender the social limitations and the requests of the general public so as to fulfill the needs of his family likewise represented that

Personal Reflection of Anne Frank’s House Essay

Individual Reflection on Anne Frank’s House I decided to compose an individual reflection on the Anne Frank’s House vacation destination in Amsterdam since I have two little girls. As a parent, I need the best for them and in particular, their security. I would do the specific thing what Anne’s father had accomplished for them. Otto Frank needed to move to the Netherlands when the counter semitism in Germany was developing. In spite of the fact that it took seven years for their family to be brought together in the Netherlands, he effectively got them out of Germany. My late dad did likewise for our family. At the point when I was 13 years of age, I followed my folks to relocate to Ecuador. We were not getting away from hostile to semitism yet my dad realized that we were undependable in our nation because of the compounding of the economy and the ascent of distress in Cambodia. Like Anne Frank, being in another nation I began missing where I grew up and the companions I had deserted. I composed numerous diaries when I got achy to go home. This was the main way I can re-carry on with the existence I had once previously. Since I have my very own group, and on the off chance that I end up with a similar pickle like of Otto Frank. I will locate a superior spot for my family. I need to visit Anne Frank’s house on the grounds that during my childhood I read her book. I was totally caught up in the realm of this imaginative and well-spoken young lady who set up her encounters as a written record while secluded from everything. Since I have perused the journal it will be exceptionally intriguing to see it, all things considered. I have gone down Anne Frank’s story and her book to my little girls and whenever I find the opportunity, I will take my family to visit the Netherlands and visit the Anne Frank verifiable house. Anybody with some information on World War II knows the narrative of Anne Frank and her acclaimed journal. A visit to Amsterdam will offer me a chance to see the location where youthful Anne and her family were stayed in virtual quietness for a long time, alongside different families planning to get away from the contempt of the Nazi system. The extraordinary takeaway about visiting the house will be a consistent update on how lucky I am as an American whose opportunity isn't in hazard. These days, it is difficult to envision a family living in the rooms like what Anne’s family needed to understanding, with the steady danger of being parted with and sent to death camps. Tragically, this did in the long run occur and just Anne’s father Otto endure the war. During the initial segment of Anne Frank’s House introduction, I was just keen on visiting the spot since one of my schoolmates referenced, â€Å"the previous concealing spot of the Frank family is one of the most mainstream attractions in Amsterdam and numerous sightseers proclaim it to be one of the most contacting places they’ve ever visited.† But when they dove into insights concerning the house, I was not, at this point keen on visiting the house as a traveler however as an individual with a reason. I needed to understanding and see direct with my little girls how Anne attempted to beat their cruel day to day environments while keeping in touch with her diaries that in the long run started a great deal of intrigue everywhere throughout the world. As referenced from the introductions, the living quarters contained three upper floors of a back addition to Mr. Frank’s bigger place of business that is reached by means of steep, thin stairways. The room is little, dull and empty, the Nazi captors having purged them of furniture and most belongings as was standard during that time. The exhibition hall set up a spot where the guests can see some of Anne’s journal and read them. I can envision myself getting the journal, understanding it and being caught up with her articulate stories that roused and contacted numerous individuals. What makes Anne’s journal so unique is the manner in which she composed it. In her journal, regardless of the merciless hardship she and her family were suffering, Anne kept up a feeling of positive thinking. Indeed, even with the malevolent that encompassed her, she wrote in her journal â€Å"despite everything, I accept that individuals are great at heart†. On account of her unfathomable words, Anne is recognized as a young lady of enormous mental fortitude and expectation, a motivation to all. I solidly accept that the Dutch individuals were by one way or another embarrassed about their association on the holocaust monstrosities. Also, one of the extremely important occasions to revive the Dutch and Jewish individuals together after the war was to pay tribute to the individuals who were deprived of their respect and in the long run prompted their passing. The ideal individual for such a tribute was this little youngster named Anne Frank. Despite the fact that a ton of terrible things have occurred in Netherlands during the dim occasions in 1945, today that history has never been overlooked. Saving the Anne Frank’s house and making it a historical center is a steady update on how a little youngster contacted numerous lives with her journal. What's more, today it is apparent from the a huge number of sightseers that visit Amsterdam that Anne Frank’s house is an absolute necessity visit.

Philosophy Sections 7.1 & 7.2 Essay

1. What are the necessities for information? 4.What is Plato’s purposeful anecdote of the cavern expected to illustrate? Plato’s purposeful anecdote of the cavern should show the human circumstance when all is said in done as well as Socrates’ life specifically. Socrates saw the genuine idea of the real world and attempted to persuade the occupants of Athens that they didn’t realize what they thought they knew. The items that cast shadows on the divider speak to what Plato considers to be the genuinely genuine articles: the structures. 5.What is Descartes’ dream contention? Descartes’ dream contention is as followed: 1) We can’t be sure that we’re not dreaming. 2) If we can’t be sure that we’re not dreaming, we can’t be sure that what we sense is genuine. 3) If we can’t be sure that what we sense is genuine, we can’t get information through sense understanding. 4) Therefore, we can’t secure information through sense understanding. As per Descartes, you can’t preclude the likelihood that you’re dreaming so you’re faculties can’t give you information on the outside world. 8. For what reason do empiricists accept that there are no engineered from the earlier realities? Empiricists accept that there are no engineered from the earlier facts since they accept that sense experience is our solitary wellspring of information on the outside world. 9.How does Kant clarify the chance of manufactured from the earlier realities? Kant clarified the chance of engineered from the earlier certainties by inspecting the strategy for request utilized by mathematicians. Kant found that what makes it workable for mathematicians to find such realities is that they study the standards the psyche uses to develop numerical articles. Segment 7.2 (3 and 4) 3. What is agent authenticity? Delegate authenticity is the regulation that sensations are brought about by outer articles and that our sensations speak to these items. 4. What is the qualification among essential and auxiliary characteristics? The qualification among essential and auxiliary characteristics is that while optional characteristics exist in the brain not in the genuine item, essential characteristics are controlled by material articles.

Hillary Clinton will be elected president in 2008 Essay

Hillary Clinton will be chosen president in 2008 - Essay Example The Iraq war has gotten disagreeable with numerous Americans. In spite of the fact that the official reason for the war in Iraq was to liberate Iraqis from the standard of Saddam Hussein, battle psychological oppression, and dispose of the weapons of mass decimation that were probably being accumulated by Hussein, monitors couldn't affirm the presence of those weapons and countless Iraqis consider the To be Army as an occupation power, not as a multitude of freedom. The data that connected Hussein to Al-Queda has been demonstrated to be bogus. Many accept that the war was extremely over control of Iraq's oil assets. The war initially appeared to be effective, as the US Military vanquished Iraq's legitimate armed force rapidly and involved Baghdad; be that as it may, there is presently a consistent common war in Iraq that is by all accounts unwinnable by America. The main dependable technique for winning guerilla wars is destruction, which nobody in America bolsters. The US Army is tu rning out to be overextended. There have additionally been allegations and demonstrated instances of torment in American jail camps, and the cost of oil has been continually ascending in the previous not many years. Hillary Clinton has expressed obviously that in the event that she turns into the president, she will end it-If President Bush doesn't end the war, when Hillary Clinton is president, she will. ... What's more, today she portrayed how she would finish the war (Clinton, 2007). Clinton's three-section plan for consummation the war incorporates setting up a slow redeployment plan, endeavoring to handle harmony between the gatherings associated with the Iraqi Civil War, and endeavoring to set up unions with different countries in the locale to help balance out Iraq. A significant issue that is confronting the world in the twenty-first century is a dangerous atmospheric devation. Hillary Clinton offers a decent arrangement to slow the advancement of a worldwide temperature alteration. The pace of an Earth-wide temperature boost could quicken quickly as positive input circles happen. Numerous residents are worried about the impacts of a dangerous atmospheric devation, as the procedure could be amazingly damaging to America and the world. The level on concern has been expanding after some time Most Americans accuse emanations from vehicles and mechanical plants as the essential driver of a dangerous atmospheric devation and accept the United States ought to decrease levels regardless of whether different nations don't, a review appears. Fifty-six percent of survey respondents said the marvel of an unnatural weather change has been demonstrated, and can be to a great extent accused on human undertakings, for example, power plants and production line s, as indicated by the CNN/Opinion Research Corp. survey. In examination, 21 percent of those studied guaranteed a dangerous atmospheric devation issues are caused either by characteristic changes or are doubtful. Sixty-six percent of Americans accept the United States ought to do what it can to lessen an unnatural weather change, regardless of whether different countries disregard it. This contrasts and 52 percent of respondents who accepted that route in 2001 ( Poll shows Americans getting progressively worried about a worldwide temperature alteration, 2007). Dependance on remote oil imports is additionally a circumstance that alarms numerous Americans. Fixated on a top

The Top Characteristics of Great Salespeople

The Top Characteristics of Great Salespeople © Shutterstock.com | LichtmeisterIn this article, I will explore the importance of salespeople for any business and the major characteristics of them by going through the following sections: 1) an introduction, 2) why salespeople are so important for a firm, 3) characterictics of great salespeople, 4) how to recruit a great salesperson, and 5) a short conclusion.INTRODUCTIONThe Sales department is one of the most important and crucial departments for any business or company. No matter how good your product is, if you dont sell then there will be no in-flow of cash, and this could lead to a loss and potentially bankruptcy. But what really drives this department and brings in cash-flow is the level of expertise of the salespersons or sales team. A lot of businesses take hiring of sales persons more casually than hiring other employees like managers, engineers, and technicians, etc. It is important to remember that not all sales jobs are similar to one another, and each needs a differe nt set of skills and knowledge attributes. Thus, the statement ‘great salespersons can sell anything to anyone’ is just a big myth and is something that must not be believed in.Research shows that only one in about 50 deals or sales situations are struck at the first encounter between the seller and the buyer. Yet most of the salespeople tend to give up only after one or two no’s from the customer. To understand this fact and the importance of good salespersons, you must go through the following given statistics:44% of sales people give up after one no22% give up after two nos14% give up after three nos12% give up after four nosThese statistics tell you that 92% of the salesmen give up after four nos, and just 8% cent of salesmen request for the order a fifth time. This means that about 80% of customers or potential customers say ‘no’ about 4 times before saying yes. This means that 8% of salesmen are driving 80% of the sales.Thus, it is highly important for business owner s, entrepreneurs, and other leaders to pay a lot of attention to the recruitment process of salespersons and must be aware of the characteristics that make for great salesmen. This article shall help you understand who an excellent salesperson is, how someone like this can be recruited and why excellent salespersons are important for a firm. So read on to find out more.WHY SALESPEOPLE ARE SO IMPORTANT FOR A FIRM?There is absolutely no doubt about the fact that salespersons or salespeople form an integral part of any business, no matter how big or small it may be in scale. They are the ones that have the power to convert sales, convince customers of the viability of the product and push a half-interested customer to buy a product. Even in this era where online shopping has taken over traditional shopping methods, leading to a decline in the number of people taking up this job, the importance of salespeople cannot be underestimated. As markets are trying to recover from the recession, business organizations need good commercial salespersons to make the most of the uplift. The following are some of the main reasons why salespersons are so important for any firm:Sales person are the main drivers of sales for any company or retailer. This means that irrespective of the effectiveness or quality of the product, a salesperson has the capability and power to convince the customer that this is the product he/she needs. An informed and dedicated salesperson can drive sales and hence shoot up the overall profitability.If a salesperson works on improving his/her performance, then not only does this affect the overall profits earned by the business but can also help him/her improve the salary or earning. This means that if one concentrates on improving skills, knowledge, training and persistence, then he/she does not only benefit the company but also raises his/her bar of performance.While it is true that selling something is an art but the good news is that this art may no t be in-built and can be learned and inculcated. Any person can become a good salesperson by studying, practicing sales and showcasing conviction to sell a product or service. It is a lot about reading the customer’s mind, and this skill can be incorporated.It is the salesmen or salesperson who is the point of contact of customers with the brand, company or retail outlet. It is up to them to build a rapport with customers to engage and retain them. It is a fact that if customers are put off by salespersons, they may form a negative opinion about the retailer or business.CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT SALESPEOPLENot every person working as a salesperson may be highly equipped with the knowledge and skills to perform well at the job. Not every salesperson may have the art to sell, convince customers of the product or have the right communication skills to build a rapport with customers. There is thus an obvious distinction between excellent salespersons and average ones. So what are those characteristics that create a distinction between the good and the average salespersons? Well, you can go through the following top qualities and characteristics of successful salespeople to find that out:Outstanding communication skills and Verbal acuityOne of the first and the most important characteristic of an excellent salesperson that separates him from the weaker ones are outstanding communication skills and verbal acuity. Having strong control over written and oral communication is a prerequisite for entering the field of sales. The following are some aspects of this major skill:Outstanding communication skills A good salesperson is one who has exceedingly superb communication skills. He/she is usually an excellent speaker with verbal clarity. Besides being good at communication, he/she must have a strong control over speech and should know how to direct it to different kinds of customers. The message conveyed must be rightly-paced, correct as far as the volume is concerne d and free of repetitive words or unnecessary slang.Ask great questions â€" If a salesperson knows what the customer is looking for, he/she is much more equipped to help and sell. This is why a good salesperson is one who asks intelligent questions that are focused not on the data but on its implication.Good listener Besides being good at communication and asking questions, a good salesperson must also be a good and patient listener to understand the needs and requirements of the customer. Only by listening can a salesperson understand the customer and respond accordingly.Empathy â€" Empathy is the quality of identifying with customers, making them feel respected and showing a sense of loyalty towards them. A salesperson who is empathetic tends to gain more trust and builds a better rapport with the customers.Modesty â€" Humility and modesty are some of the other aspects of overall communication skills which a good salesperson possesses. Modest salespersons often gain trust and res pect of customers, and this can have a huge impact on the overall sales.Curiosity â€" An excellent salesperson is curious to gather more information and knowledge. This inquisitiveness helps them to learn more and get an insight into the minds of the customers.Comfortable talking about money Another characteristic of a good salesperson is that he/she should be comfortable discussing both small and big numbers with their customers and colleagues.Comfortable with silence Confidence of a salesperson is demonstrated with the way he/she handles silence. When a salesperson observes silence at the right points, he/she gives customers a chance to consider what has been told to them.Goal oriented personalityAnother major characteristic of a good salesperson is having a goal-oriented personality. Most of the successful salespeople are fixated towards their goals, and this acts as a driving force for sales as well. Here are a few other aspects of the same characteristic:Achievers â€" A sales person who considers selling and making sales as his/her own achievement is the one who ultimately reaches success. Achieving maximum sales day after day must be the aim of a salesperson not just for accumulating more money for the firm but also for the sake of reaching personal goals.Self-motivated and highly focused Self-motivation is the key to success in a job like that of a salesperson. Motivating self even on low sales can be a great way to maintain a good performance. But at the same time, focus too is an essential quality, one that drives them towards achievements.Situational dominanceSituational dominance is a quality of a relaxed yet dominant interaction with a customer in a way that makes him/her feel at comfort but being under the influence of what the salesperson recommends and advices. The following are some aspects of this quality:Dominance â€" Dominance refers to a control over the communication and relationship of a salesperson with the customers. A salesperson mus t not be overbearing but should also not succumb under the pressure of the customer and should have a non-threatening control over him/her.Ego-drive Ego-drive is the persistence shown by a successful salesperson in order to win and sell products. It’s about gaining the competitive edge over the customer by refusing to give up on the efforts.Show up prepared â€" A good salesperson is one who is always prepared, does not lack knowledge and is totally informed about products and services. He/she must have a prepared sales pitch and should have it practiced.Dont rush Rushing and seeming desperate to the customers and trying to make quick sales may put off customers and are not qualities of a good salesperson. It is important to show a sense of calm and confidence.Low Gregariousness Successful salespersons tend to have lower levels of gregariousness surprisingly than average ones, and this is another characteristic to consider.OptimismPersistence, as mentioned above is a quality of a good salesperson and persistence arises from optimism. Thus, one of the main and important characteristics of a successful salesperson is his/her optimism and positivity. Only with optimism can one avoid giving up early on since then there is a hope that a customer can be won over.Persistent and optimistic A salesperson must not be annoyingly persistent but should be optimistic in the sense that he/she mustn’t’ feel disappointed by a rejection. This means that a salesperson who is not able to make a sale but still feels positive about overall results and achievements is one who can truly go on to become successful. Persistence also plays an important role since it avoids a salesperson from giving up even on hearing a no or seeing a negative reaction from a customer.Client oriented and highly responsibleAnother important quality or characteristic of a good salesperson is being client-oriented and very responsible. A person with a strong sense of responsibility handles tough si tuations better and accepts mistakes and errors. The following are some aspects of this characteristic:Highly responsible Not blaming others for certain failures and circumstances and accepting full responsibility for a mistake is a quality of an excellent sales person. He does not transfer the blame onto others and makes sure he rectifies his mistakes in the future.Motivated to help his clients A successful salesperson is one who is always motivated to help the clients or customers in the best possible manner and is driven to serve them in the way that is most suitable.Self-organizedEven without the pressure of the employer or team leader, a salesperson who organizes his/her work on his/her own is one who is truly an excellent one. A successful salesperson is one who considers it his responsibility to be accountable for himself. He is self-motivated and makes efforts to perform better each time even without the pressure of a superior.HOW TO RECRUIT A GREAT SALESPERSON?If you are a business owner or entrepreneur, who understands and realizes the importance of a good sales team and excellent salespersons then it is important to know how to recruit the good ones from a bunch of applicants. It is important to tighten up the process of recruitment in order to hire only the most suitable, well-trained, qualified and skilled salespersons who possess maximum characteristics given above. The following is a step-by-step approach to recruiting great salespersons:Step-by-step approach1st step: The first step or stage to recruit great salespeople in your company or workforce is to define what kind of skills you are really looking for. The above-given characteristics are the major skills or qualities needed, but it is up to you to narrow down on the main ones that are suitable for your product, service or business. Thus create a list of the main skills that you are looking for and then move forward from there. Divide the list of skills into certain parts like compulsory skills, add-on skills, etc.2nd step: The next step is to look for people to hire both internally and externally. This means that you must consider both external and internal recruitment since, at times, you can find several potential good salesmen even inside your work environment.External recruitment External recruitment is the kind of recruitment in which employees are hired from the environment outside the company or organization. This recruitment involves leaving out vacancy ads and then interviewing interested applicants. This process could also involve interviewing your customers regarding the kind of salespersons they would want to deal with.Internal recruitment â€" Internal recruitment or hiring is a kind of recruitment process in which you interview your existing sales team and observe which employees are truly deserving. If you do not have a desired sales team then you can consider training them or replacing them through external recruitment.3rd step: Now the next step is to prepare a series of intelligent, non-standard and interesting questions to be asked during the interview. The better the questions asked the more will be the chances of coming across truly deserving and excellent salespersons. The questions must be aimed to know about the experience, the personal skills, judging communication skills and measuring the attitude needed for the job.4th step: The last step is to shortlist upon the few suitable candidates and then pick up the best ones out of the lot through discussions with other decision-makers or the HR team. Once the candidates are selected, they must be informed, and an agreement must be charted out to formalize the process of employment or recruitment.CONCLUSIONIt won’t be wrong to state that any business, big or small depends and relies greatly upon the sales team or workforce that it has and recruiting an able and skilled sales team is the key to success and profitability. Replacing average sales persons with a bunch of exce llent ones can result in a huge difference in the sales over a given period of time. Not only do they bring a good name to your organization but have the power to control the customers softly. So look for a salesperson who is persistent, honest, and perceptive of customer’s requirements and possess an incredible personality with excellent communication skills. Remember that a great salesperson is one who is well-adapted to the environment in which he/she is making the sales.

Psychological Realism in To the Lighthouse - Literature Essay Samples

Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse achieves an accurate and effective portrayal of psychological realism, which is understood for the duration of this essay as a strong emphasis on deep interior characterisation and an understanding of how these interior psychological processes influence external actions. To understand how To the Lighthouse exemplifies psychological realism, we must consider the psychology of the mind itself, drawing on theories from both philosophers and psychologists, focusing on William James, Henri Bergson, and Sigmund Freud, and their theories of the stream of thought, metaphysics and creative evolution, and dream theory, respectively. These theories, placed within the context of Woolf’s use of stream of consciousness within To the Lighthouse, illuminate her successful attempt to infuse her novel with psychological realism as she explores the complex processes of the interior mind. James’s understanding of the consciousness is based upon a presumption of mental continuity, which he defines as â€Å"that which is without breach, crack, or division† (154). He proposes that the consciousness feels continuous, while experience two types of interruptions: time-gaps (e.g. when asleep), and â€Å"breaks in the quality, or content, of the thought, so abrupt that the segment that followed had no connection whatever with the one that went before† (154, emphasis in original). I introduce James’s theory of the stream of thought to draw from this idea of a break in the quality or content of the thought; this is used heavily in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse during moments of interior monologue. A single example from a myriad spread across the entirety of the text is the dinner table scene, in which we descend into Lily Briscoe’s interior mind as she considers the impending marriage of Minta Doyle and Paul Rayley: â€Å"For any rate, she said to herself, catching sight of the salt cellar on the pattern, she need not marry, thank Heaven: she need not undergo that degradation. She was saved from that dilution. She would move the tree rather more to the middle.† (Woolf, To the Lighthouse, 111) While her mind begins on the subject of her distaste for marriage, she abruptly moves to a thought about her painting; there is no substantial interior link between these topics, and no physical cue in the exterior world. However, this transition is paradoxically smooth despite the abruptness of the topic change, illustrating James’s idea that: â€Å"†¦the transition between the thought of one object and the thought of another is no more a break in the thought than a joint in a bamboo is a break in the wood. It is a part of the consciousness as much as the joint is a part of the bamboo.† (156, emphasis in original) This simultaneously reinforces James’s assertion that the consciousness resembles m ost in metaphor a river or stream as it flows, uninterrupted. So neatly does Woolf expose this interior flow that psychological realism is not simply attempted, but achieved with stunning simplicity. Furthermore, the interior mind of Lily Briscoe is stretching out to present an idea of following through with an action in the exterior world; she will move the tree towards the middle when she next paints, illustrating the transition between interior mind and exterior world as causal, in which her thoughts, for all their fragmentation, are influencing her actions. Bergson similarly explores the continuity of consciousness in his work on creative evolution, stating that â€Å"there is no feeling, no idea, no volition which is not undergoing change every moment: if a mental state ceased to vary, its du ration would cease to flow† (2). The key word within Bergson’s theory of creative evolution is â€Å"duration†, which he describes as â€Å"the continuous progress of the past which gnaws into the future and which swells as it advances† (Creative Evolution 5). Again, I would like to use Lily Briscoe as my example of how this philosophical theory illuminates Woolf’s portrayal of psychological realism in To the Lighthouse. Lily’s painting, beginning in ‘The Window’ and concluding in the final moments of ‘The Lighthouse’, spans the entirety of the novel. I propose that this painting is a physical manifestation of this idea of â€Å"duration†; as the novel progresses, the need to finish the painting hangs over her, disrupting her thoughts as previously indicated in the context of James’s theory of the stream of thought . By the final moments of the narrative, the vision of the painting which has weighed on her increasingly as time has passed finally becomes clear to her: â€Å"She looked at the steps; they were empty; she looked at her canvas; it was blurred. With a sudden intensity, as if she saw it clear for a second, she drew a line there, in the centre. It was done; it was finished. Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.† (Woolf, To the Lighthouse, 226) The ultimate climax of this moment of clarity has been built up throughout the novel as Lily tries and fails to paint, disrupted by her own sense of inadequacy, which is exacerbated in the first section ‘The Window’ by the harsh criticism of Charles Tansley. Lily carries this past with her, grappling with it repeatedly as she continu es to attempt to paint, eventually succeeding in a moment of clarity. What happens after this is of no consequence, as the character ceases to exist beyond the page, but the flow of thought, constant throughout the novel, indicates that this is a permanent fixture in consciousness as a whole. The painting is of focus for Lily, representing for us the idea of duration as part of a mental state that is constantly in flux and constantly building upon itself. As such, Woolf’s To the Lighthouse highlights both the continuity of thought and the flux of thought, as exemplified in Lily and her painting; adherence to psychological realism is evident as both complex in its placement within the text, spanning from beginning to end, and punctuating the climax of the text in simple, clear vocabulary. Through Bergson’s broader exploration of metaphysics, we can also introduce the topic of time into our study of psychological realism in To the Lighthouse. Expanding on our understanding of duration, Bergson describes duration functioning through two different parts (a multiplicity and a unity), described as â€Å"a multiplicity of moments bound to each other by a unity which goes though them like a thread† (Introduction to Metaphysics, 50), stating that: â€Å"In the first hypothesis we have a world resting on nothing, which must end and begin again of its own accord at each instant. In the second we have an infinity of abstract eternity, about which also it is just as difficult to understand why it does not remain enveloped in itself and how it allows things to coexist with it.† (Introduction to Metaphysics, 52) Despite this paradox, Bergson explains that whichever metaphysic we consider ourselves in, â€Å"there is only one unique duration, which carries ever ything with it – a bottomless, bankless river, which flows without assignable force in a direction which could not be defined† (Introduction to Metaphysics, 53). Again, we return to the idea of the river, now dominating not only the flow of the interior mind, but the flow of time. In To the Lighthouse, we experience exterior time of just two days, and much, much more interior time. The scene in which Mrs. Ramsay is stitching the stocking for the Lighthouse keeper’s little boy (31-35) is mere minutes in exterior time, yet covers a great deal of insight into Mrs. Ramsay’s interior mind. This is representative of the great paradox of duration both in terms of the flow of time and the flow of the mind; Mrs. Ramsey considers her house, her husband, her children, books, the Swiss maid, the weather, and both her own perception of herself, and how she believes herself to be perceived by others, all in the small moment in which she holds a stocking against the leg of James. Time appears to cease inside her interior mind, or at the very least, flows extremely slowly, while her thoughts appear fragmented but flow with an exquisite sense of being natural, seeming organic despite leaping from topic to topic. As Erich Auerbach describes in the midst of his tex tual analysis of this very scene, â€Å"the exterior events have actually lost their hegemony, they serve to release and interpret inner events†¦ this too is apparent in the randomness and contingency of the exterior occasion (looking up because James does not keep his foot still), which releases the much more significant process† (538). The inner mind of Mrs. Ramsay becomes the focus, as opposed to the exterior events; these exterior events serve to disrupt the flow of the interior mind and illuminate their effect on the exterior events themselves. Mrs. Ramsay’s thoughts are disturbed by the fidgeting of her son, and once shaken from her interior mind and into exterior events, she is consequently sharp with him. The accuracy of this event in regards to psychological realism is clear, as such a thing has occurred to anyone shaken from a moment of deep thought, immersed as they are within their own mind and then shaken into reality with a jolt. Upon reaching the works of Sigmund Freud does the idea of psychological realism become convoluted; separating the idea of dreaming and the idea of the subconscious as divined through dreams must occur, and we must translate this into To the Lighthouse, where one can never be truly sure if one is experiencing the character’s subconscious or their conscious, mixed and layered as they are. Freud’s dream theory delves into the subconscious mind, considering latent dream-thoughts as â€Å"transformed into a collection of sensory images and visual scenes† (20) that are â€Å"condensed†, and proposing that: â€Å"As a result of condensation, one element in the manifest dream may correspond to numerous elements in the latent dream-thoughts; but, conversely too, one element in the dream-thoughts may be represented by several images in the dream.† (20) Once more, the example of Lily Briscoe springs to mind when we consider this idea of condensation, and once more, her painting is the focal point. The painting itself, a single element, is representative of several things throughout the novel, which we discover through moments of exploration in her interior mind. The painting is associated with her sense of failure, as established previously; it is linked to her disdain of marriage; it provides the setting for a moment of confused longing for what she originally perceives to be Mrs. Ramsay herself, and what she discovers, is actually a longing to have the aura Mrs. Ramsay has: â€Å"That people should love like this, that Mr. Bankes should feel this for Mr. Ramsay (she glances at him musing) was helpful, was exalting. She wiped one brush after another upon a piece of old rag, menially, on purpose. She took shelter from the reverence which covered all women; she felt herself praised. Let him gaze; she would steal a look at her picture.† (Woolf, To the Lighthouse, 54) The painting functions as a single element that forces Lily to do battle with her subconscious, as illustrated by her following frustration with her â€Å"failed† painting. Woolf has clearly condensed many of Lily’s subconscious fears into the single element of the painting, much as Freud’s theory describes latent -dream throughs of being condensed into a single visual or sensory images. Again, I assert that Woolf has done this with stunning simplicity, achieving a sense of psychological realism that represents the subconscious as layered and imbued with meaning on each level, culminating in an accurate portrayal of the interior mind. Psychological realism in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse is clearly not merely approached or attempted, but fully achieved. Her representation of the interior mind is stunningly accurate, and undoubtedly modernist not simply in her stream of consciousness style, but in what she is choosing to portray: focus on the internal psychology of character, fragmented as it may be, is a far cry from novels which seek only to tell a story. To the Lighthouse does indeed successfully tell a narrative story, but it also tells the story of the human mind, in all its glory, or even lack thereof. Virginia Woolf shows us a luminous halo. Works Cited Auerbach, Erich. ‘The Brown Stocking’. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Princeton: Princeton UP. 525-553. Bergson, Henri. An Introduction to Metaphysics. Trans. TE Hulme. 1903. London: Macmillan, 1913. 1-8. Bergson, Henri. ‘The Evolution of Life’. Creative Evolution. Trans. Arthur Mitchell. 1907. London: Macmillan, 1911. 8-13, 32-34, 5-55. Freud, Sigmund. ‘Revision of Dream-Theory’. New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. Ed. and trans. James Strachey. 1933. New York: Norton, 1964. 16-21, 28-30. James, William. ‘The Stream of Thought’. The Principle of Psychology. 1890. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1952. 146, 151-159, 161-165. Woolf, Virginia. ‘Modern Fiction’. The English Modernist Reader. Ed. Peter Faulkner. 1919. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1986. 105-112. Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. 1927. London: Penguin Books, 2000.

Sub--Chaucer art of characterization as found in prologue...

Chaucer begins the Prologue with a beautiful announcement of spring. This introduction is the voice of the Poet, polished, elegant, and finished. He tells us that just as Nature has a predictable course through the seasons, so does human nature follow a seasonal pattern, which causes people to want to break out of winters confinement and go traveling in the spring. Thus the stage is set for Chaucer, who is the Narrator of this poem. Twenty-nine travelers meet at the Tabard Inn in London before undertaking a journey to the Shrine of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The group is assembling as Chaucer arrives and, as he observes the group and interacts with some of them, he decides that he will join their party. From his vantage point as†¦show more content†¦On the other hand the nun who gives much importance to minor things. On the other hand, the Knight who gives much importance to things that really matters. To describe how the nun was Chaucer writes with irony the description of the nun Prioress, everything that Chaucer says about her means the opposite. A nun should be modest, had to have poverty, and pity. Chaucer describes the nun in the opposite way to show us, how the nun Prioress had all the characteristics that a nun should not have. She was a nun modest, well educated and with good manners. She also had tender feelings, and a strong love for God and his creations. The author connects the relationship between how she sang and with her nose. He is sarcastic when relating her physical and spiritual beauty. She spoke French well and properly in this quote properly means with good manners, not with slang words or with the popular language used in France. For the French of Paris was unknown to her.(124) All of these characteristics show how the nun Prioress was focused on things that should not be important for a nun. Among her minor things, the nun in the tale actions was cautious and splendid. Her manners were unique, and practiced with perfection. (133) The author makes us understand that her behavior with such perfection was not because she was obligated to act in this way. It was because having manners and being educated gave her